はじめに
CAS データベースでは、一定の省略語と頭字語は摘要文、キーワードのフレーズ、インデックスへの入力を目的としてフレーズを変更する本文において用語として自動的に作成されます。 これら省略語の多くは 1982 年以前から使用されてきました。ユーザーは、検索プロフィールや本文の中で確認できるようにするため、これら標準省略語と頭字語に精通しておく必要があります。
本書では、自動作成された CAS 発行物とサービスにおける省略語と頭字語は、二つのリストに別れています。検索プロファイルに必要とする省略語をユーザーが見つけやすいように、リスト Aでは省略前の用語をアルファベット順に並べています。CAS 省略語または頭字語を検索する際は、ピリオドを使わないでください。本文中に出てくる省略語を説明するために、リストBには、省略語と頭字語をアルファベット順に並べています。
例示とリストはこちらのウェブページに記載しました。
- 「-ol.」に省略される「-ology」で終わる用語の例をあげます。
- 「-og.」と省略される「-ography」で終わる用語の例をあげます。
- 共通の接頭辞の省略語
- STN 上の CAS 省略語の自動検索
- CAS 省略語を検索するには、SET ABB ON を入力してください。
- オンライン・ヘルプ・メッセージ
- リスト A (省略する前の用語をアルファベット順に並べています)--標準省略語と頭字語
- リスト B (省略語と頭字語をアルファベット順に並べています) -- 標準省略語と頭字語
- コンピューターで読込可能なファイルの中の文字と記号
- コンピューターで読込可能なファイルにおけるギリシア文字の表示規則
- コンピューターで読込可能なファイルにおける記号の表示規則
標準省略語と頭字語として特にリストアップされる用語の他に、以下の種類の単語については省略語が自動生成されます：
- 通常省略される用語に接頭辞を付けることで形成される語もまた省略されることがあります。例えば「microchem.」は「michrochemical(微量化学的な)」の省略です。リスト A においては、# が左についている単語は、接頭辞が付けられている場合、基本的に省略されます。(共通の接頭辞の省略語を参照してください)
- ｢-ology｣または｢-ologic(al)(ly)｣で終わる単語は「-ol.」と省略されます。例えば「geol」は｢geology (地質学)｣の省略です。（例を参照）
- ｢-ography｣または｢-ographic(al)(ly)｣で終わる単語は「-og.」と省略されます。例えば「chromatog.」は｢chromatographic (クロマトグラフの)｣の省略です。（例を参照）
- 名詞の省略語の複数形は、単数形の省略語に｢s｣を付けて形成します。例えば｢derivs.｣は｢derivatives(派生物)｣の省略です。例外は 2 つあり、単数形の省略語が単数形と複数形の両方を示すよう指定されている場合を除きます (例、「equil.」は「equilibrium(s) (均衡)｣の省略であり、星印(*)のついた単語については、複数形でも省略されません。
- 三単現の｢s｣を付けた動詞の場合、｢s｣を付けて省略語にリストアップされます。例えば、｢Compd. decomps. on heating」は「Compound decomposes on heating (加熱器すると化合物は分解します)」の略です。
標準省略語と頭字語は、タイトルに表示される用語については自動的に生成されません。ただし、タイトルで著者が使用する省略語は表示される場合があります。
標準省略語の他に、自動的に生成される省略語と頭字語、他の頭字語、原子記号(例、Cl, Sb)、分子式(例、NaCl)も、CASの出版物およびサービスに使用される場合があります。
「-ol.」に省略される「-ology」で終わる用語の例をあげます。
anesthesiology limnology
bacteriology meteorology
biology methodology
cardiology morphology
chronology nephrology
cytology neurology
dermatology oncology
ecology ophthalmology
endocrinology pathology
enzymology petrology
epidemiology pharmacology
etiology physiology
gastroenterology radiology
geology rheology
gynecology sedimentology
hematology serology
histology technology
homology teratology
hydrology topology
immunology virology
省略形｢-ol.｣はまた、例えば「pharmacologic(al)」などの形容詞にも、例えば「pharmacologically」などの副詞にも適用され、例えば「-ology.」で終わる用語の「neuropharmacology」などの接頭辞が付された語にも適用されます。
「-og.」と省略される「-ography」で終わる用語の例をいくつか紹介します：
angiography metallography bibliography micrography biography oceanography cardiography petrography cholecystography photography chromatography planography crystallography polarography derivatography radiography electroencephalography reprography electrography spectrography fractography thermography fragmentography tomography geography topography holography xerography lithography
省略形「-ol.」はまた、例えば「geographic(al)」などの形容詞にも、例えば「geographically」などの副詞にも適用され、例えば「"-ography.」で終わる用語の「paleogeography」などの接頭辞が付された語にも適用されます。
共通の接頭辞の省略語 *
anal. (analysis) electroanal. immunoanal. microanal. radioanal. thermoanal. at. [atomic(al)(ly)] diat. interat. monoat. polyat. tetraat. triat. chem. [chemical(ly), chemistry] agrochem. biochem. cytochem. electrochem. geochem. histochem. immunochem. neurochem. petrochem. photochem. physicochem. radiochem. spectrochem. thermochem. clin. [clinic(al)(ly)] preclin. Subclin. cond. (conductivity) electrocond. magnetocond. photocond. semicond. supercond. thermocond. crystn. (crystallization) cocrystn. electrocrystn. recrystn. decompn. (decomposition) photodecompn. degrdn. (degradation) biodegrdn. photodegrdn. thermodegrdn. detn. (determination) immunodetn. microdetn. dissocn. (dissociation) photodissocn. predissocn. elec. [electric(al)(ly)] acoustoelec. bioelec. dielec. ferroelec. isoelec. paraelec. photodielec. photoelec. piezoelec. pyroelec. thermoelec. equil. (equilibrium) disequil. nonequil. preequil. extn. (extraction) coextn. electroextn. reextn. Hb (hemoglobin) cargonylHb carboxyHb deoxyHb ferriHb metHb oxyHb sulfHb irradn. (irradiation) postirradn. preirradn. mech. [mechanic(al)(ly)] biomech. electromech. micromech. photomech. physicomech. thermomech. mol. (molecule, molecular) bimol. intermol. intramol. macromol. monomol. supermol. supramol. turbomol. unimol. org. [organic(ally)] bioinorg. bioorg. chloroorg. electroorg. fluoroorg. inorg. metalloorg. microorg. oxidn. (oxidation) autoxidn. biooxidn. cooxidn. deoxidn. electrooxidn. epoxidn. peroxidn. photooxidn. reoxidn. thermooxidn. pptn. (precipitation) copptn. immunopptn. soly. (solubility) hydrosoly. insoly. liposoly. sym. [symmetry, symmetric(al)(ly)] asym. unsym.
* 接頭辞が付いている場合に基本的に省略される用語の全リストについては、「標準省略語と頭字語」のリスト A を参照してください。
STN 上の CAS 省略語の自動検索
STN の CAS 抄録ファイルにおいて、例えば CAplus または CA などは、CAS 省略語を自動で検索することができます。矢印プロンプトで、コマンド SET ABB ON および SET PLURAL ON とシンプルに入力してください。
SET ABB ON と入力すると、基本索引か、または基本索引を構成する特定のフィールドで検索されるすべての用語に対して省略語が生成されます。省略語が生じたことが分かると、メッセージ行が別途表示されます。SET PLURAL ON を入力すると、複数形の省略形も自動的に検索できます。
SET ABB のデフォルトを OFF にします。セッション中にすべての SEARCH および QUERY コマンドの省略語を含める場合は、矢印プロンプトの次に SET ABB ON を入力してください。現在のセッション以降も ON の設定を維持するには、SET ABB ON PERM と入力してください。
CAS 標準省略語が SET ABB によりすべて取得できるわけではありません。多くの単位およびマルチワード用語の CAS 省略語は削除されるため、誤選択や無関係な検索を最小限に抑えています。省略語を追加しようとする用語のリストを表示するには、矢印プロンプト (=>) の次に HELP ABB を入力してください。この SET コマンドに関する詳細については、矢印プロンプトの次に HELP SET ABB を入力してください。
CAS 省略語を検索するには、SET ABB ON を入力してください。
=> SET ABB ON PERM SET COMMAND COMPLETED
=> SET PLURAL ON PERM SET COMMAND COMPLETED
=> S PRECIPITAT? 35280 PRECIPITAT?
75559 PPT
30694 PPTS
98131 PPT
(PPT OR PPTS) 59648 PPTD
2 PPTDS
59648 PPTD
(PPTD OR PPTDS)
13101 PPTG
131576 PPTN 1980 PPTNS
132847 PPTN
(PPTN OR PPTNS)
L1 258048 PRECIPITAT? PRECIPITAT? OR PPT OR PPTD OR PPTG OR PPTN)
オンライン・ヘルプ・メッセージ
=> FILE CAPLUS => HELP ABB SET ABBREVIATONS ON と入力すると、対象用語またはリストアップされた用語を含む不完全な語幹を基本索引化、または基本索引を構成する特定のフィールドで検索する際に、以下のリストに当該用語について省略語が自動的に生成されます。Examples: => SET ABB ON SET COMMAND COMPLETED => S CONCENTRAT? 149313 CONCENTRAT? 50824 CONC 115142 CONCD 9541 CONCG 1035004 CONCN L2 1221846 CONCENTRAT? (CONCENTRAT? OR CONC OR CONCD OR CONCG OR CONCN) この SET オプションに関する詳細については、矢印プロンプトに HELP SET ABB と入力してください。Basic Index のフィールドのリストについては、このファイルの矢印プロンプトの次に HELP SFIELDS と入力してください。ABSOLUTE DILUTED PRECIPITATE ABSTRACT DILUTING PRECIPITATED ADDITION DILUTION PRECIPITATING ADDITIONAL DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE PRECIPITATION ADDITIONALLY DISSOCIATE PREPARATION ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN DISSOCIATED PREPARE ALCOHOL DISSOCIATING PREPARED ALCOHOLIC DISSOCIATION PREPARING ALIPHATIC DISTILLATION PRODUCTION ALKALINE DISTILLED PROPYL ALKALINITY DISTILLING PURIFICATION DECOMPOSING ORGANIC FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE DECOMPOSITION OXIDATION FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE DEGRADATION PHENYL INHIBITORY DOSE DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE PHYSICAL LETHAL DOSE DERIVATIVE PHYSICALLY LUTEINIZING HORMONE DETERMINATION POLYMERIZATION NICOTINAMIDE MONONUCLEOTIDE DETERMINE POLYMERIZED NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE DETERMINED POLYMERIZING NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE RESONANCE DETERMINING POSITIVE RIBONUCLEIC ACID DIAMETER POSITIVELY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY DILUTE POWDERED UV PHOTOELECTRON
リスト A
absolute abs. abstract abstr. #addition addn. additional(ly) addnl. adenosine 5'-diphosphate ADP adenosine 5'-monophosphate AMP adenosine triphosphatase ATPase adenosine 5'-triphosphate ATP adrenocorticotropin ACTH #alcohol(ic) alc. #aliphatic aliph. alkaline alk. alkalinity* alky. all valence electron AVE alternating current a.c. amount amt. ampere (unit) A #analysis* anal. #analytical(y) anal. angstrom unit ** anhydrous anhyd. apparatus app. approximate(ly) approx. approximation approxn. #aqueous aq. #aromatic arom. associate assoc. associated assocd. associating assocg. #association assocn. asymmetric(al)(ly) asym. atmosphere (unit) atm. atmospheric atm. #atomic at. atomic mass unit amu atomic orbital AO augmented plane wave APW average av. Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer BCS barrel (unit) bbl becquerel (unit) Bq billion electron volts (unit) GeV biochemical oxygen demand BOD body centered cubic bcc. Bohr magneton (unit) mB** boiling point b.p. British thermal unit Btu bushel (unit) bu butyl (normal) Bu #calculate calc. #calculated calcd. #calculating calcg. #calcul calcn. calorie (unit) cal carboxymethyl cellulose CM- cellulose #chemical(ly) chem. chemical oxygen demand COD chemically pure CP #chemistry chem. circular dichroism CD #clinical(ly) clin. coefficient coeff. #coenzyme A CoA coherent potential approximation CPA commercial(ly) com. complete neglect of differential overlap CNDO composition compn. compound compd. concanavalin A ConA #concentrate conc. #concentrated concd. #concentrating concg. #concentration concn. #conductivity* cond. configuration interaction CI constant const. containing contg. corrected cor. coulomb (unit) C coupled electron pair approximation CEPA #critical crit. #crystalline cryst. crystallisation crystn crystallised crystd crystallising crystg #crystallization crystn. #crystallized crystd. #crystallizing crystg. cubic feet per minute (unit) cfm curie (unit) Ci current density c.d. cyclic AMP cAMP cyclic GMP cGMP cytidine 5'-diphosphate CDP cytidine 5'-monophosphate CMP cytidine 5'-triphosphate CTP debye unit D decompose decomp. decomposed decompd. decomposing decompg. #decomposition decompn. #degradation degrdn. degree Celsius centigrade (unit) C** degree Fahrenheit (unit) F** degree Kelvin K degree of polymerization d.p. density d. deoxyribonuclease DNase deoxyribonucleic acid DNA derivative deriv. #determination detn. determine det. #determined detd. determining detg. diameter diam. diatomics-in-molecules DIM diethylaminoethyl cellulose DEAE-cellulose ifferential thermal analysis DTA dilute dil. diluted dild. diluting dilg. dilution diln. dimethylformamide DMF diphosphopyridine nucleotide NAD direct current d.c. disintegrations per minute (unit) dpm dissociate dissoc. dissociated dissocd. dissociating dissocg. #dissociation dissocn. #distillation distn. #distilled distd. #distilling distg. effective dose ED #electric(al)(ly) elec. electrocardiogram ECG electroencephalogram EEG electromagnetic unit emu electromotive force emf. electron paramagnetic resonance ESR electron spin resonance ESR electron volt (unit) eV electrostatic unit esu enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA #equilibrium(s) equil. equivalent (unit) equiv. #equivalent equiv. especially esp. estimate est. estimated estd. estimating estg. estimation estn. ethyl Et ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA evaporate evap. evaporated evapd. evaporating evapg. evaporation evapn. #examination examn. #examined examd. #examining examg. experiment expt. experimental(ly) exptl. extended Hueckel molecular orbital EHMO extract ext. extracted extd. extracting extg. #extraction extn. face centered cubic fcc. farad (unit) F fermentation fermn. flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD flavin mononucleotide FMN floating spherical Gaussian orbital FSGO foot (unit) ft foot-pound (unit) ft-lb follicle-stimulating hormone FSH freezing point f.p. gallon (unit) gal gauss (unit) G Gaussian-type orbital GTO gram (unit) g gravitational constant g gray (absorbed radiation dose) (unit) Gy 5'-monophosphate GMP guanosine 5'-triphosphate GTP hectare ha henry H #hemoglobin Hb hertz (cycles/sec) (unit) Hz hexagonal close-packed hcp. highest occupied molecular orbital HOMO hour (unit) h Hueckel molecular orbital HMO hundredweight (unit) cwt hydrogenic atoms in molecules HAM immunoglobulin Ig inch (unit) in. independent electron pair approximation IEPA infrared IR inhibitory dose ID inosine 5'-diphosphate IDP inosine 5'-monophosphate IMP inosine 5'-triphosphate ITP intermediate neglect of differential overlap INDO international unit IU interstitial cell-stimulating hormone ICSH intramuscular(ly) i.m. intraperitoneal(ly) i.p. intravenous(ly) i.v. #irradiation irradn. iterative extended Hueckel molecular orbital IEHMO joule (unit) J kelvin (unit) K laboratory lab. lethal dose LD linear combination of atomic orbitals LCAO linear combination of fragment configuration LCFC liquid liq. liter (unit) L low energy electron diffraction LEED lowest unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO lumen (unit) lm luteinizing hormone LH lux (unit) lx magnetohydrodynamics MHD manufacture manuf. manufactured manufd. manufacturing manufg. mathematical(ly) math. maximum(s) max. maxwell (unit) Mx #mechanical(ly) mech. melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSH melting at m. melting point m.p. melts at m. messenger RNA mRNA metabolism metab. meter (unit) m methyl Me mile (unit) mi miles per hour (unit) mph minimum(s) min. minute (unit) min miscellaneous misc. #mixture mixt. modified neglect of diatomic overlap MNDO molal (unit) m molar (unit) M mole (unit) mol #molecular mol. molecular orbital MO #molecule mol. molecules-in-molecules MIM month (unit) mo. multiconfigurational self-consistent field MC-SCF #negative(ly) neg. neglect of diatomic differential overlap NDDO neglect of nonbonded differential overlap NNDO nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP nicotinamide mononucleotide NMN nuclear magnetic resonance NMR nuclear quadrupole resonance NQR number no. observed obsd. oersted (unit) Oe ohm (unit) O ** optical rotatory dispersion ORD #organic org. ounce (unit) oz #oxidation oxidn. Pariser-Parr-Pople PPP partial neglect of differential overlap PNDO parts per billion (unit) ppb parts per million (unit) ppm pascal (unit) Pa perturbational molecular orbital PMO phenyl Ph #physical(ly) phys. pint (unit) pt poise (unit) P polymerisation polymn polymerised polymd polymerising polymg #polymerization polymn. #polymerized polymd. #polymerizing polymg. #positive(ly) pos. potential difference p.d. pound (unit) lb pounds per square inch (unit) psi pounds per square inch absolute (unit) psia pounds per square inch gage (unit) psig #powdered powd. #precipitate ppt. #precipitated pptd. #precipitating pptg. #precipitation pptn. preparation prepn. prepare prep. prepared prepd. preparing prepg. #production prodn. propyl (normal) Pr #purification purifn. qualitative(ly) qual. #quantitative(ly) quant. quart (unit) qt radioimmunoassay RIA random phase approximation RPA #reduction redn. reference ref. reflection high energy electron diffraction RHEED reproduction reprodn. resolution resoln. #respective(ly) resp. respiratory quotient RQ restricted Hartree-Fock RHF revolutions per minute (unit) rpm ribonuclease RNase ribonucleic acid RNA ribosomal RNA rRNA roentgen (unit) R roentgen equivalent man (unit) rem roentgen equivalent physical (unit) rep saponification sapon. saponified sapond. saponifying sapong. saturate sat. #saturated satd. saturated calomel electrode SCE saturating satg. #saturation satn. scanning electron microscopy SEM second (unit) s self-consistent field SCF separate(ly) sep. separated sepd. separating sepg. separation sepn. siemens (unit) S Slater-type orbital STO #solubility* soly. #soluble sol. #solution soln. specific gravity sp. gr. specific volume sp. vol. specific weight sp. wt. standard std. steradian (unit) sr stokes (unit) St subcutaneous(ly) s.c. #symmetric(al)(ly) sym. tablespoon (unit) tbs teaspoon (unit) tsp #technical(ly) tech. temperature temp. tesla (unit) T tetrahydrofuran THF theoretical(ly) theor. thermodynamic(s) thermodn. thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH titration titrn. triethylaminoethyl cellulose TEAE-cellulose triphosphopyridine nucleotide NADP ultraviolet UV United States Pharmacopeia USP unrestricted Hartree-Fock UHF uridine 5'-diphosphate UDP uridine 5'-monophosphate UMP uridine 5'-triphosphate UTS UV photoelectron spectroscopy UPS volt (unit) V volume vol. watt (unit) W weber (unit) Wb week (unit) wk weight wt. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS yard (unit) yd year (unit) yr zero differential overlap ZDO
* 複数形の用語は、自動的に「s」を付けて自動的に省略されることはありません。
# 接頭辞が付いている場合は、これら単語は通常省略されます。例については、リスト A に先立つ「いくつか共通の接頭辞の付いた用語の省略語」リストを参照してください。
** コンピューターで読込可能なファイルの表現については、「コンピューターで読込可能なファイルの文字記号のリスト」を参照してください。
リスト B
|
A |
ampere (unit) |
|
angstrom (unit) |
|
|
abs. |
absolute |
|
abstr. |
abstract |
|
a.c. |
alternating current |
|
ACTH |
adrenocorticotropin |
|
addn. |
addition |
|
addnl. |
additional(ly) |
|
ADP |
adenosine 5'-diphosphate |
|
alc. |
alcohol(ic) |
|
aliph. |
aliphatic |
|
alk. |
alkaline |
|
alky. |
alkalinity |
|
AMP |
adenosine 5'-monophosphate |
|
amt. |
amount |
|
amu |
atomic mass unit |
|
anal. |
analysis, analytical(ly) |
|
anhyd. |
anhydrous |
|
AO |
atomic orbital |
|
app. |
apparatus |
|
approx. |
approximate(ly) |
|
approxn. |
approximation |
|
APW |
augmented plane wave |
|
aq. |
aqueous |
|
arom. |
aromatic |
|
assoc. |
associate |
|
assocd. |
associated |
|
assocg. |
associating |
|
assocn. |
association |
|
asym. |
asymmetric(al)(ly) |
|
at. |
atomic |
|
atm |
atmosphere (unit) |
|
atm. |
atmospheric |
|
ATP |
adenosine 5'-triphosphate |
|
ATPase |
adenosine triphosphatase |
|
av. |
average |
|
AVE |
all valence electron |
|
bbl |
barrel (unit) |
|
bcc. |
body centered cubic |
|
BCS |
bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer |
|
BOD |
biochemical oxygen demand |
|
b.p. |
boiling point |
|
Bq |
becquerel (unit) |
|
Btu |
British thermal unit |
|
Bu |
butyl (normal) |
|
bu |
bushel (unit) |
|
mB |
Bohr magneton (unit) |
|
C |
coulomb (unit) |
|
C |
degree Celsius (centigrade) (unit) |
|
cal |
calorie (unit) |
|
calc. |
calculate |
|
calcd. |
calculated |
|
calcg. |
calculating |
|
calcn. |
calculation |
|
cAMP |
cyclic AMP |
|
c.d. |
current density |
|
CD |
circular dichroism |
|
CDP |
cytidine 5'-diphosphate |
|
CEPA |
coupled electron pair approximation |
|
cfm |
cubic feet per minute (unit) |
|
cGMP |
cyclic GMP |
|
chem. |
chemical(ly), chemistry |
|
CI |
configuration interaction |
|
Ci |
curie (unit) |
|
clin. |
clinical(ly) |
|
CM-cellulose |
carboxymethyl cellulose |
|
CMP |
cytidine 5'-monophosphate |
|
CNDO |
complete neglect of differential overlap |
|
CoA |
coenzyme A |
|
COD |
chemical oxygen demand |
|
coeff. |
coefficient |
|
com. |
commercial(ly) |
|
compd. |
compound |
|
compn. |
composition |
|
ConA |
concanavalin A |
|
conc. |
concentrate |
|
concd. |
concentrated |
|
concg. |
concentrating |
|
concn. |
concentration |
|
cond. |
conductivity |
|
const. |
constant |
|
contg. |
containing |
|
cor. |
corrected |
|
CP |
chemically pure |
|
CPA |
coherent potential approximation |
|
crit. |
critical |
|
cryst. |
crystalline |
|
crystd |
crystallised |
|
crystg |
crystallising |
|
crystn |
crystallisation |
|
crystd. |
crystallized |
|
crystg. |
crystallizing |
|
crystn. |
crystallization |
|
CTP |
cytidine 5'-triphosphate |
|
cwt |
hundred weight (unit) |
|
D |
debye unit |
|
d. |
density |
|
d.c. |
direct current |
|
DEAE-cellulose |
diethylaminoethyl cellulose |
|
decomp. |
decompose |
|
decompd. |
decomposed |
|
decompg. |
decomposing |
|
decompn. |
decomposition |
|
degrdn. |
degradation |
|
deriv. |
derivative |
|
det. |
determine |
|
detd. |
determined |
|
detg. |
determining |
|
detn. |
determination |
|
diam. |
diameter |
|
dil. |
dilute |
|
dild. |
diluted |
|
dilg. |
diluting |
|
diln. |
dilution |
|
DIM |
diatomics-in-molecules |
|
dissoc. |
dissociate |
|
dissocd. |
dissociated |
|
dissocg. |
dissociating |
|
dissocn. |
dissociation |
|
distd. |
distilled |
|
distg. |
distilling |
|
distn. |
distillation |
|
DMF |
dimethylformamide |
|
DMSO |
dimethyl sulfoxide |
|
DNA |
deoxyribonucleic acid |
|
DNase |
deoxyribonuclease |
|
d.p. |
degree of polymerization |
|
dpm |
disintegrations per minute (unit) |
|
DTA |
differential thermal analysis |
|
ECG |
electrocardiogram |
|
ED |
effective dose |
|
EDTA |
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
|
EEG |
electroencephalogram |
|
EHMO |
extended Hueckel molecular orbital |
|
elec. |
electric(al)(ly) |
|
ELISA |
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
|
emf. |
electromotive force |
|
emu |
electromagnetic unit |
|
equil. |
equilibrium |
|
equiv |
equivalent (unit) |
|
equiv. |
equivalent |
|
esp. |
especially |
|
ESR |
electron spin resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance |
|
est. |
estimate |
|
estd. |
estimated |
|
estg. |
estimating |
|
estn. |
estimation |
|
esu |
electrostatic unit |
|
Et |
ethyl |
|
eV |
electron volt (unit) |
|
evap. |
evaporate |
|
evapd. |
evaporated |
|
evapg. |
evaporating |
|
evapn. |
evaporation |
|
examd. |
examined |
|
examg. |
examining |
|
examn. |
examination |
|
expt. |
experiment |
|
exptl. |
experimental(ly) |
|
ext. |
extract |
|
extd. |
extracted |
|
extg. |
extracting |
|
extn. |
extraction |
|
F |
farad |
|
F |
degree Fahrenheit (unit) |
|
FAD |
flavin adenine dinucleotide |
|
fcc. |
face centered cubic |
|
fermn. |
fermentation |
|
FMN |
flavin mononucleotide |
|
f.p. |
freezing point |
|
FSGO |
floating spherical Gaussian orbital |
|
FSH |
follicle-stimulating hormone |
|
ft |
foot (unit) |
|
ft-lb |
foot-pound (unit) |
|
g |
gram (unit) |
|
g |
gravitational constant |
|
G |
gauss (unit) |
|
gal |
gallon (unit) |
|
GDP |
guanosine 5'-diphosphate |
|
GeV |
billion electron volts (unit) |
|
GMP |
guanosine 5'-monophosphate |
|
GTO |
Gaussian-type orbital |
|
GTP |
guanosine 5'-triphosphate |
|
Gy |
gray (absorbed radiation dose) (unit) |
|
h |
hour (unit) |
|
H |
henry (unit) |
|
ha |
hectare (unit) |
|
HAM |
hydrogenic atoms in molecules |
|
Hb |
hemoglobin |
|
hcp |
hexagonal close-packed |
|
HMO |
Hueckel molecular orbital |
|
HOMO |
highest occupied molecular orbital |
|
Hz |
hertz (cycles/sec) (unit) |
|
ICSH |
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone |
|
ID |
inhibitory dose |
|
IDP |
inosine 5'-diphosphate |
|
IEHMO |
iterative extended Hueckel molecular orbital |
|
IEPA |
independent electron pair approximation |
|
Ig |
immunoglobulin |
|
i.m. |
intramuscular(ly) |
|
IMP |
inosine 5'-monophosphate |
|
in. |
inch (unit) |
|
INDO |
intermediate neglect of differential overlap |
|
i.p. |
intraperitoneal(ly) |
|
IR |
infrared |
|
irradn. |
irradiation |
|
ITP |
inosine 5'-triphosphate |
|
IU |
international unit |
|
i.v. |
intravenous(ly) |
|
J |
joule (unit) |
|
K |
kelvin (unit) |
|
L |
liter (unit) |
|
lab. |
laboratory |
|
lb |
pound (unit) |
|
LCAO |
linear combination of atomic orbitals |
|
LCFC |
linear combination of fragment configuration |
|
LD |
lethal dose |
|
LEED |
low energy electron diffraction |
|
LH |
luteinizing hormone |
|
liq. |
liquid |
|
lm |
lumen (unit) |
|
LUMO |
lowest unoccupied molecular orbital |
|
lx |
lux (unit) |
|
m |
meter (unit) |
|
m |
olal (unit) |
|
M |
molar (unit) |
|
m. |
melts at, melting at |
|
manuf. |
manufacture |
|
manufd. |
manufactured |
|
manufg. |
manufacturing |
|
math. |
mathematical(ly) |
|
max. |
maximum |
|
MC-SCF |
multiconfigurational self-consistent field |
|
Me |
methyl (not metal) |
|
mech. |
mechanical(ly) (not mechanism) |
|
metab. |
metabolism |
|
MHD |
magnetohydrodynamics |
|
mi |
mile (unit) |
|
MIM |
molecules-in-molecules |
|
min |
minute (unit) |
|
min. |
minimum(s) |
|
misc. |
miscellaneous |
|
mixt. |
mixture |
|
MNDO |
modified neglect of diatomic overlap |
|
mo |
month (unit) |
|
MO |
molecular orbital |
|
mol |
mole (unit) |
|
mol. |
molecule, molecular |
|
m.p. |
melting point |
|
mph |
miles per hour (unit) |
|
mRNA |
messenger RNA |
|
MSH |
melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
|
Mx |
maxwell (unit) |
|
NAD |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
|
NADP |
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
|
NDDO |
neglect of diatomic differential overlap |
|
neg. |
negative(ly) |
|
NMN |
nicotinamide mononucleotide |
|
NMR |
nuclear magnetic resonance |
|
NNDO |
neglect of nonbonded differential overlap |
|
no. |
number |
|
NQR |
nuclear quadruple resonance |
|
obsd. |
observed |
|
Oe |
oersted (unit) |
|
O |
ohm (unit) |
|
ORD |
optical rotatory dispersion |
|
org. |
organic |
|
oxidn. |
oxidation |
|
oz |
ounce |
|
P |
poise (unit) |
|
Pa |
pascal (unit) |
|
p.d. |
potential difference |
|
Ph |
phenyl |
|
phys. |
physical(ly) |
|
PMO |
perturbational molecular orbital |
|
PNDO |
partial neglect of differential overlap |
|
polymd |
polymerised |
|
polymg |
polymerising |
|
polymn |
polymerisation |
|
polymd. |
polymerized |
|
polymg. |
polymerizing |
|
polymn. |
polymerization |
|
pos. |
positive(ly) |
|
powd. |
powdered |
|
ppb |
parts per billion (unit) |
|
ppm |
parts per million (unit) |
|
PPP |
Pariser-Parr-Pople |
|
ppt. |
precipitate |
|
pptd. |
precipitated |
|
pptg. |
precipitating |
|
pptn. |
precipitation |
|
Pr |
propyl (normal) |
|
prep. |
prepare |
|
prepd. |
prepared |
|
prepg. |
preparing |
|
prepn. |
preparation |
|
prodn. |
production |
|
psi |
pounds per square inch (unit) |
|
psia |
pounds per square inch absolute (unit) |
|
psig |
pounds per square inch gage (unit) |
|
pt |
pint (unit) |
|
purifn. |
purification |
|
qt |
quart (unit) |
|
qual. |
Qualitative(ly) |
|
quant. |
quantitative(ly) |
|
R |
roentgen (unit) |
|
redn. |
reduction |
|
ref. |
reference |
|
rem |
roentgen equivalent man (unit) |
|
rep |
roentgen equivalent physical (unit) |
|
reprodn. |
reproduction |
|
resoln. |
resolution |
|
resp. |
respective(ly) |
|
RHEED |
reflection high energy electron diffraction |
|
RHF |
restricted Hartree-Fock |
|
RNA |
ribonucleic acid |
|
RNase |
ribonuclease |
|
RPA |
random phase approximation |
|
rRNA |
ribosomal RNA |
|
rpm |
revolutions per minute (unit) |
|
RQ |
respiratory quotient |
|
s |
second (unit) |
|
S |
siemens (unit) |
|
sapon. |
saponification |
|
sapond. |
saponified |
|
sapong. |
saponifying |
|
sat. |
saturate |
|
satd. |
saturated |
|
satg. |
saturating |
|
satn. |
saturation |
|
s.c. |
subcutaneous(ly) |
|
SCE |
saturated calomel electrode |
|
SCF |
self-consistent field |
|
SEM |
scanning electron microscopy |
|
sep. |
separate(ly) |
|
sepd. |
separated |
|
sepg. |
separating |
|
sepn. |
separation |
|
sol. |
soluble |
|
soln. |
solution |
|
soly. |
solubility |
|
sp. |
gr. specific gravity |
|
sp. |
vol. specific volume |
|
sp. |
wt. specific weight |
|
sr |
steradian (unit) |
|
St |
stokes (unit) |
|
std. |
standard |
|
STO |
Slater-type orbital |
|
sym. |
symmetric(al)(ly) |
|
T |
tesla (unit) |
|
tbs |
tablespoon (unit) |
|
TEAE-cellulose |
triethylaminoethyl cellulose |
|
tech. |
technical(ly) |
|
temp. |
temperature |
|
theor. |
theoretical(ly) |
|
thermodn. |
thermodynamic(s) |
|
THF |
tetrahydrofuran |
|
titrn. |
titration |
|
TSH |
thyroid-stimulating hormone |
|
tsp |
teaspoon (unit) |
|
UDP |
uridine 5'-diphosphate |
|
UHF |
unrestricted Hartree-Fock |
|
UMP |
uridine 5'-monophosphate |
|
UPS |
UV photoelectron spectroscopy |
|
USP |
United States Pharmacopeia |
|
UTP |
uridine 5'-triphosphate |
|
UV |
ultraviolet |
|
V |
volt (unit) |
|
vol. |
volume |
|
W |
watt (unit) |
|
Wb |
weber (unit) |
|
wk |
week (unit) |
|
wt. |
weight |
|
XPS |
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
|
yd |
yard (unit) |
|
yr |
year (unit) |
|
ZDO |
zero differential overlap |
コンピューターで読込可能なファイルの中の文字と記号
コンピューターで読込可能なファイルでは、ローマ字のアルファベットと数字のすべての文字は、CASの出版物と同じ方法で表示されます。ただし、イタリック、太字またはスモールキャピタルの文字の区別はいたしません。また、上付き文字と下付き文字が当該行に表示されます。
コンピューターで読込可能なファイルでは、特別な規則を用いて文字や記号を表現できるものもあります。これらの規則とは、以下のリストの通りです。このような文字や記号の中には、コンピューターで読込可能なファイルで検索できるものがあります。検索語については、ピリオドを使わない表示が使用されます。
コンピューターで読込可能なファイルにおけるギリシア文字の表示規則
|
記号 |
CAS の表現集 |
説明 |
|
A |
.ALPHA. |
Alpha |
|
B |
.BETA. |
Beta |
|
Γ |
.GAMMA. |
Gamma |
|
Δ |
.DELTA. |
Delta |
|
E |
.EPSILON. |
Epsilon |
|
Z |
.ZETA. |
Zeta |
|
H |
.ETA. |
Eta |
|
Θ |
.THETA. |
Theta |
|
I |
.IOTA. |
Iota |
|
K |
.KAPPA. |
Kappa |
|
Λ |
.LAMBDA. |
Lambda |
|
M |
.MU. |
Mu |
|
N |
.NU. |
Nu |
|
Ξ |
.XI. |
Xi |
|
Ο |
.OMICRON. |
Omicron |
|
Π |
.PI. |
Pi |
|
P |
.RHO. |
Rho |
|
Σ |
.SIGMA. |
Sigma |
|
T |
.TAU. |
Tau |
|
Y |
.UPSILON. |
Upsilon |
|
Φ |
.PHI. |
Phi |
|
X |
.CHI. |
Chi |
|
Ψ |
.PSI. |
Psi |
|
Ω |
.OMEGA. |
Omega |
|
α |
.alpha. |
Alpha |
|
β |
.beta. |
Beta |
|
γ |
.gamma. |
Gamma |
|
δ |
.delta. |
Delta |
|
∂ |
.vdelta. |
Delta (variant) |
|
ε |
.epsilon. |
Epsilon |
|
ϵ |
.vepsiln. |
Epsilon (variant) |
|
ζ |
.zeta. |
Zeta |
|
η |
.eta. |
Eta |
|
θ |
.theta. |
Theta |
|
ϑ |
.vtheta. |
Theta (variant) |
|
ι |
.iota. |
Iota |
|
κ |
.kappa. |
Kappa |
|
𝛞 |
.vkappa. |
Kappa (variant) |
|
λ |
.lambda. |
Lambda |
|
μ |
.mu. |
Mu |
|
ν |
.nu. |
Nu |
|
ξ |
.xi. |
Xi |
|
ο |
.omicron. |
Omicron |
|
π |
.pi. |
Pi |
|
ϖ |
.vpi. |
Pi (variant) |
|
ρ |
.rho. |
Rho |
|
σ |
.sigma. |
Sigma |
|
ς |
.vsigma. |
Sigma (variant) |
|
τ |
.tau. |
Tau |
|
υ |
.upsilon. |
Upsilon |
|
ϕ |
.phi. |
Phi |
|
φ |
.vphi. |
Phi (variant) |
|
χ |
.chi. |
Chi |
|
ψ |
.psi. |
Psi |
|
ω |
.omega. |
Omega |
コンピューターで読込可能なファイルにおける記号の表示規則
|
記号 |
CAS の表現集 |
説明 |
|
Ð |
.angle. |
Angle |
|
Å |
.ANG. |
Angstrom Unit |
|
≜ |
.apprch. |
Approaches |
|
≈ |
.apprxeq. |
Approximately Equal |
|
~ |
.apprx. |
Approximates (similar) |
|
§ |
.bdintg. |
Bounded Integral |
|
□ |
.box. |
Box |
|
• |
.bul. |
Bullet (12 pt. center dot) |
|
¢ |
.cents. |
Cent |
|
× |
.cntdot. |
Center Dot |
|
Ì |
.cntnd. |
Contained in |
|
É |
.cntns. |
Contains |
|
© |
.copyrgt. |
Copyright |
|
Ä |
.crosprd. |
Cross Product |
|
† |
.dag. |
Dagger |
|
- |
- |
Dash/Minus |
|
° |
.degree. |
Degree |
|
Ñ |
.del. |
Del (Nabla) |
|
¸ |
.div. |
Division |
|
⇻ |
.dnreslt. |
Does Not Result in |
|
⇆ |
.dblarw. |
Double Arrow |
|
‡ |
.dbldag. |
Double Dagger |
|
⇋ |
.dblharw. |
Double Half Arrows |
|
‡ |
.++. |
Double Plus |
|
‖ |
.dblvert. |
Double Vertical |
|
¯ |
.dwnarw. |
Down Arrow |
|
→ |
.fwdarw. |
Forward Arrow |
|
↷ |
.fwdcarw. |
Forward Curved Arrow |
|
≥ |
.gtoreq. |
Greater Than or Equal |
|
≳ |
.gtorsim. |
Greater Than or Similar |
|
≡ |
.ident. |
Identity |
|
∞ |
.infin. |
Infinity |
|
∫ |
.intg. |
Integral |
|
Ç |
.intrsec. |
Intersection |
|
◜ |
.ltbbrac. |
Left Broken Bracket |
|
£ |
.ltoreq. |
Less Than or Equal |
|
≲ |
.ltorsim. |
Less Than or Similar |
|
.lbdabar. |
Lambda Bar |
|
|
Î |
.member. |
Member of |
|
∓ |
.-+. |
Minus-Plus |
|
≫ |
.mchgt. |
Much Greater Than |
|
≪ |
.mchlt. |
Much Less Than |
|
Ï |
.notmbr. |
Not a Member of |
|
≠ |
.noteq. |
Not Equal |
|
⊙ |
.sun. |
Of Sun |
|
⠁ |
.ovrhdot. |
Overhead Dot |
|
⁼ |
.ovrhdbr. |
Overhead Double Bar |
|
‰ |
.permill. |
Per Mill |
|
^ |
.perp. |
Perpendicular |
|
h |
.plcnst. |
Planck’s Constant |
|
± |
.+-. |
Plus-Minus |
|
£ |
.pnd. |
Pound Sterling |
|
¢ |
‘ |
Prime/apostrophe |
|
Õ |
.product. |
Product |
|
Ò |
.RTM. |
Registered Trade Mark |
|
← |
.rarw. |
Reverse Arrow |
|
↶ |
.rcarw. |
Reverse Curved Arrow |
|
← |
.rscharw. |
Reverse Surface Chemistry Arrow |
|
◝ |
.rtbbrac. |
Right Broken Bracket |
|
A |
.SCRIPTA. |
Script A |
|
ℬ |
.SCRIPTB. |
Script B |
|
C |
.SCRIPTC. |
Script C |
|
D |
.SCRIPTD. |
Script D |
|
E |
.SCRIPTE. |
Script E |
|
ℱ |
.SCRIPTF. |
Script F |
|
G |
.SCRIPTG. |
Script G |
|
ℌ |
.SCRIPTH. |
Script H |
|
ℒ |
.SCRIPTL. |
Script L |
|
P |
.SCRIPTP. |
Script P |
|
ℜ |
.SCRIPTR. |
Script R |
|
S |
.SCRIPTS. |
Script S |
|
≃ |
.simeq. |
Similar or Equal |
|
√ |
.sqroot. |
Square Root |
|
∑ |
.sum. |
Sum |
|
→ |
.scharw. |
Surface Chemistry Arrow |
|
Å |
.sym. |
Symmetry |
|
« |
.tautm. |
Tautomer |
| ⧧ | .thermod. | Thermodynamics |
|
´ |
.times. |
Times |
|
⁝ |
.tplbond. |
Triple Bond |
|
È |
.union. |
Union |
|
↑ |
.uparw. |
Up Arrow |
|
µ |
.varies. |
Varies |
|
® |
.vector. |
Vector |
|
¯ |
.hivin. |
Vinculum (high) |
|
_ |
.lovin. |
Vinculum (low) |
|
¥ |
.yen. |
Yen |
|
注意 ：文字を変更した記号 (例、数括線) は、文字に優先します (つまり、A は .hivin.A となります)。 |
||