CAS 标准缩写和首字母缩略词

简介

在 CAS 数据库中,摘要文本、关键词短语以及索引条目的修饰短语中的某些术语会自动生成缩写和首字母缩略词。其中大多数缩写在 1982 年之前就已经开始使用。用户需要掌握这些标准缩写和首字母缩略词,以便在检索配置文件中使用它们并识别文本中的相关内容。

本文档将 CAS 出版物和服务中自动生成的缩写和首字母缩略词整理为两个列表。为帮助用户查找检索配置文件中所需的缩写,列表 A 按完整术语的字母顺序排列。在线搜索 CAS 缩写或首字母缩略词时,请勿使用句点。为解释文本中出现的缩写,列表 B 按缩写和首字母缩略词的字母顺序排列。

本网页包含的示例与列表:

除明确列出的标准缩写和首字母缩略词外,以下类型的词汇也会自动生成缩写:

  1. 通过在通常可缩写的词汇前添加前缀而构成的词也可进行缩写,例如:“microchem.”代表“microchemical”。在列表 A 中,左侧标有 # 的词汇即为可添加前缀并进行缩写的词。(参见, 部分常见前缀词汇的缩写)
  2. 以“-ology”或“-ologic(al)(ly)”结尾的词缩写为“-ol.”,例如:“geol.”代表“geology”。(查看示例)
  3. 以“-ography”或“-ographic(al)(ly)”结尾的词缩写为“-og.”,例如:“chromatog.”代表“chromatographic”。(查看示例)
  4. 名词缩写的复数形式通过在单数缩写后加“s”构成,例如:“derivatives”缩写为“derivs.”。有两种例外情况:一是当单个缩写被指定同时表示单数和复数形式时(例如,“equil.”表示“equilibrium(s)”);二是列表中标有星号(*)且复数形式不进行缩写的词汇。
  5. 需要加“s”的动词形式,通过在所列缩写后加“s”来缩写,例如:“Compound decomposes on heating”缩写为“Compd. decomps. on heating”。

标题中出现的术语不会自动生成标准缩写和首字母缩略词。但标题中可能会出现作者所使用的缩写。

除标准自动生成的缩写和首字母缩略词外,CAS 的出版物和服务中也可能使用其他首字母缩略词、原子符号(如 Cl、Sb)和分子式(如 NaCl)。

以“-ology”结尾并缩写为“-ol.”的部分术语示例。

麻醉学湖沼学
细菌学气象学
生物学方法论
心脏病学形态学
年代学肾脏病学
细胞学神经病学
皮肤病学肿瘤学
生态学眼科学
内分泌学病理学
酶学岩石学
流行病学药理学
病因学生理学
胃肠病学放射学
地质学流变学
妇科学沉积学
血液学血清学
组织学技术
同源性畸形学
水文学拓扑学
免疫学病毒学

缩写“-ol.”也适用于以“-ology”结尾术语的形容词形式(如“pharmacologic(al)”)、副词形式(如“pharmacologically”)以及前缀形式(如“neuropharmacology”)。

部分以“-ography”结尾且缩写为“-og.”的术语示例:

血管造影术金相学
参考书目显微照相术
传记海洋学
心电描记术岩石学
胆囊造影术摄影术
色谱法平版印刷术
晶体学极谱分析法
导数热分析法放射摄影术
脑电图描记术复制技术
电记录法光谱分析法
断口分析法热成像技术
残片分析法断层扫描术
地理学地形学
全息摄影术静电复印术
平版印刷术

缩写“og.”也适用于形容词形式(例如“geographic(al)”)、副词形式(例如“geographically”)以及以“-ography”结尾的术语的前缀形式(例如“paleogeography”)。

部分常见前缀术语的缩写 *

分析电导率机械(的/地)
电分析电传导生物力学
免疫分析磁传导机电
微量分析光电导微机械
放射性分析半导体光机械
热分析超导物理机械
原子(的/地)热传导热力机械
双原子结晶分子
原子间共结晶双分子
单原子电结晶分子间
多原子重结晶分子内
四原子分解大分子
三原子光分解单分子
化学降解超分子
农业化学生物降解超分子
生物化学光降解涡轮分子
细胞化学热降解单分子
电化学测定有机
地球化学免疫测定生物无机
组织化学微量测定生物有机
免疫化学离解氯有机
神经化学光离解电有机
石油化学预离解氟有机
光化学电无机
物理化学声电金属有机
放射化学生物电微生物
光谱化学介电氧化
热化学铁电自动氧化
临床等电生物氧化
临床前顺电共氧化
亚临床光介电脱氧
血红蛋白 (Hb)光电电氧化
羰基血红蛋白压电环氧化
碳氧血红蛋白热电过氧化
脱氧血红蛋白热电光氧化
高铁血红蛋白平衡再氧化
高铁血红蛋白非平衡态热氧化
氧合血红蛋白非平衡沉淀
硫化血红蛋白预平衡共沉淀
辐照提取免疫沉淀
辐照后coextn.soly. (溶解度)
preirradn.electroextn.hydrosoly.
sym. [对称,对称的]reextn.insoly.
asym.liposoly.
unsym.

* 请参阅“标准缩写与首字母缩略词”列表 A,获取通常会被缩写的带前缀术语的完整列表。

在 STN 上自动检索 CAS 缩写

在 STN 的 CAS 文献数据库(如 CAplus 或 CA)中,您可以自动检索 CAS 缩写。只需在箭号提示符处输入命令 SET ABB ON 和 SET PLURAL ON 即可。

当您设置 SET ABB ON 后,系统将为在基本索引或构成基本索引的特定字段中检索的所有术语生成缩写。如果发现任何缩写匹配项,系统将显示单独的命中记录行。当您设置 SET PLURAL ON 后,系统还将自动检索复数形式的缩写。

SET ABB 的默认设置为 OFF。如需在当前会话的所有 SEARCH 和 QUERY 命令中包含缩写,请在箭号提示符处输入 SET ABB ON。如需在当前会话结束后保留此 ON 设置,请输入 SET ABB ON PERM。

并非所有 CAS 标准缩写都可通过 SET ABB 获取。为最大限度减少误检和无关检索结果,大多数单位和多词术语的 CAS 缩写已被移除。如需查看将自动添加缩写的术语列表,请在文件箭号提示符 (=>) 处输入 HELP ABB。有关此 SET 命令的更多信息,请在箭号提示符处输入 HELP SET ABB。

设置 ABB ON 以检索 CAS 缩写

=> SET ABB ON PERM SET COMMAND COMPLETED
=> SET PLURAL ON PERM SET COMMAND COMPLETED
=> S PRECIPITAT?   35280 PRECIPITAT?
  75559 PPT
  30694 PPTS
  98131 PPT
   (PPT OR PPTS)   59648 PPTD
      2 PPTDS
  59648 PPTD
   (PPTD OR PPTDS)
  13101 PPTG
 131576 PPTN    1980 PPTNS
 132847 PPTN
   (PPTN OR PPTNS)
L1  258048 PRECIPITAT? PRECIPITAT? OR PPT OR PPTD OR PPTG OR PPTN)

在线帮助信息

=>FILE CAPLUS =>HELP ABB 当您设置 SET ABBREVIATIONS ON 后,若在基本索引或构成基本索引的特定字段中检索下表中的术语,或检索包含所列术语的截断词干时,系统将自动生成这些术语的缩写。

示例:

=> SET ABB ON 设置命令已完成
=> S CONCENTRAT?
149313 CONCENTRAT?
50824 CONC
115142 CONCD
9541 CONCG
1035004 CONCNL2
1221846 CONCENTRAT? (CONCENTRAT? 或 CONC 或 CONCD 或 CONCG 或 CONCN)

有关此 SET 选项的更多信息,请在箭头提示符 (=>) 处输入 HELP SET ABB。有关基本索引中字段的列表,请在此文件中的箭头提示符处输入 HELP SFIELDS。

绝对稀释苯基
摘要已稀释物理的
添加稀释中物理上
附加的稀释聚合作用
此外二甲基甲酰胺已聚合
促肾上腺皮质激素解离聚合
醇已离解正向
含醇的离解正向地
脂肪族离解粉末状
碱性蒸馏沉淀物
碱度已蒸馏已沉淀
分解蒸馏沉淀
分解剂量沉淀
降解脱氧核糖核酸酶制备
衍生物测定制备
测定已测定已制备
已测定测定制备
测定直径生产
黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸抑制性丙基
黄素单核苷酸致死剂量纯化
促黄体生成素烟酰胺单核苷酸核糖核酸
核磁共振核四极矩共振扫描电子显微镜
有机氧化紫外光电子

列表 A

LIST A  
   
Full Term Abbreviation
   
absolute abs.
abstract abstr.
#addition addn.
additional(ly) addnl.
adenosine 5'-diphosphate ADP
adenosine 5'-monophosphate AMP
adenosine 5'-triphosphate ATP
adenosine triphosphatase ATPase
adrenocorticotropin ACTH
#alcohol(ic) alc.
alkaline alk.
alkalinity alky.
#aliphatic aliph.
all valence electron AVE
alternating current a.c.
ampere (unit) A
amount amt.
#analysis*, #analytical(ly) anal.
anhydrous anhyd.
angstrom (unit) ang.
apparatus app.
approximate(ly) approx.
approximation approxn.
#aqueous aq.
#aromatic arom.
#association assocn.
associate assoc.
associated assocd.
associating assocg.
asymmetric(al)(ly) asym.
atmosphere (unit) atm
atmospheric atm.
#atomic at.
atomic mass unit amu
atomic orbital AO
augmented plane wave APW
average av.
bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer BCS
barrel (unit) bbl
becquerel (unit) Bq
billion electron volts (unit) GeV
biochemical oxygen demand BOD
body centered cubic bcc.
Bohr magneton (unit) mB**
boiling point b.p.
British thermal unit Btu
bushel (unit) bu
butyl (normal) Bu
#calculate calc.
#calculated calcd.
#calculating calcg.
#calculation calcn.
calorie (unit) cal
carboxymethyl cellulose CM-cellulose
chemical oxygen demand COD
#chemical(ly), #chemistry chem.
chemically pure CP
circular dichroism CD
clinical(ly) clin.
coefficient coeff.
#coenzyme A CoA
coherent potential approximation CPA
commercial(ly) com.
complete neglect of differential overlap CNDO
composition compn.
compound compd.
concanavalin A ConA
#concentrate conc.
#concentrated concd.
#concentrating concg.
#concentration concn.
#conductivity* cond.
configuration interaction CI
constant const.
containing contg.
corrected cor.
coulomb (unit) C
coupled electron pair approximation CEPA
#critical crit.
#crystalline cryst.
crystallisation crystn
crystallised crystd
crystallising crystg
#crystallization crystn.
#crystallized crystd.
#crystallizing crystg.
cubic feet per minute (unit) cfm
curie (unit) Ci
current density c.d.
cyclic AMP cAMP
cyclic GMP cGMP
cytidine 5'-diphosphate CDP
cytidine 5'-monophosphate CMP
cytidine 5'-triphosphate CTP
debye unit D
decompose decomp.
decomposed decompd.
decomposing decompg.
#decomposition decompn.
#degradation degrdn.
degree Celsius (centigrade) (unit) C**
degree Fahrenheit (unit) F**
degree of polymerization d.p.
density d.
deoxyribonuclease DNase
deoxyribonucleic acid DNA
derivative deriv.
determination detn.
determine det.
#determined detd.
determining detg.
diameter diam.
diatomics-in-molecules DIM
diethylaminoethyl cellulose DEAE-cellulose
differential thermal analysis DTA
dilute dil.
diluted dild.
diluting dilg.
dilution diln.
dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO
dimethylformamide DMF
direct current d.c.
disintegrations per minute (unit) dpm
dissociate dissoc.
dissociated dissocd.
dissociating dissocg.
#dissociation dissocn.
#distillation distn.
#distilled distd.
#distilling distg.
effective dose ED
#electric(al)(ly) elec.
electrocardiogram ECG
electroencephalogram EEG
electromagnetic unit emu
electromotive force emf.
electron spin resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance ESR
electron volt (unit) eV
electrostatic unit esu
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA
#equilibrium(s) equil.
#equivalent equiv.
equivalent (unit) equiv
especially esp.
estimate est.
estimated estd.
estimating estg.
estimation estn.
ethyl Et
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA
evaporate evap.
evaporated evapd.
evaporating evapg.
evaporation evapn.
#examination examn.
#examined examd.
#examining examg.
#extraction extn.
experiment expt.
experimental(ly) exptl.
extended Hueckel molecular orbital EHMO
extract ext.
extracted extd.
extracting extg.
face centered cubic fcc.
farad F
fermentation fermn.
flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD
flavin mononucleotide FMN
floating spherical Gaussian orbital FSGO
follicle-stimulating hormone FSH
foot (unit) ft
foot-pound (unit) ft-lb
freezing point f.p.
gallon (unit) gal
gauss (unit) G
Gaussian-type orbital GTO
gr. specific gravity sp.
gram (unit) g
gravitational constant g
gray (absorbed radiation dose) (unit) Gy
guanosine 5'-diphosphate GDP
guanosine 5'-monophosphate GMP
guanosine 5'-triphosphate GTP
hectare (unit) ha
#hemoglobin Hb
henry (unit) H
hertz (cycles/sec) (unit) Hz
hexagonal close-packed hcp
highest occupied molecular orbital HOMO
hour (unit) h
Hueckel molecular orbital HMO
hundred weight (unit) cwt
hydrogenic atoms in molecules HAM
immunoglobulin Ig
inch (unit) in.
independent electron pair approximation IEPA
infrared IR
inhibitory dose "ID"
inosine 5'-diphosphate IDP
inosine 5'-monophosphate IMP
inosine 5'-triphosphate ITP
intermediate neglect of differential overlap INDO
international unit IU
interstitial table_cell-stimulating hormone ICSH
intramuscular(ly) i.m.
intraperitoneal(ly) i.p.
intravenous(ly) i.v.
#irradiation irradn.
iterative extended Hueckel molecular orbital IEHMO
joule (unit) J
kelvin (unit) K
laboratory lab.
lethal dose LD
linear combination of atomic orbitals LCAO
linear combination of fragment configuration LCFC
liquid liq.
liter (unit) L
low energy electron diffraction LEED
lowest unoccupied molecular orbital LUMO
lumen (unit) lm
luteinizing hormone LH
lux (unit) lx
magnetohydrodynamics MHD
manufacture manuf.
manufactured manufd.
manufacturing manufg.
mathematical(ly) math.
maximum max.
maxwell (unit) Mx
#mechanical(ly) (not mechanism) mech.
melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSH
melting point m.p.
melts at, melting at m.
messenger RNA mRNA
metabolism metab
meter (unit) m
methyl (not metal) Me
mile (unit) mi
miles per hour (unit) mph
minimum(s) min.
minute (unit) min
miscellaneous misc.
#mixture mixt.
modified neglect of diatomic overlap MNDO
molar (unit) M
mole (unit) mol
#molecule, #molecular mol.
molecular orbital MO
molecules-in-molecules MIM
month (unit) mo
multiconfigurational self-consistent field MC-SCF
#negative(ly) neg.
neglect of diatomic differential overlap NDDO
neglect of nonbonded differential overlap NNDO
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP
nicotinamide mononucleotide NMN
nuclear magnetic resonance NMR
nuclear quadruple resonance NQR
number no.
observed obsd.
oersted (unit) Oe
ohm (unit) O**
olal (unit) m
optical rotatory dispersion ORD
#organic org.
ounce oz
#oxidation oxidn.
Pariser-Parr-Pople PPP
partial neglect of differential overlap PNDO
parts per billion (unit) ppb
parts per million (unit) ppm
pascal (unit) Pa
perturbational molecular orbital PMO
phenyl Ph
#physical(ly) phys.
pint (unit) pt
poise (unit) P
polymerisation polymn
polymerised polymd
polymerising polymg
#polymerization polymn.
#polymerized polymd.
#polymerizing polymg.
#positive(ly) pos.
potential difference p.d.
pound (unit) lb
pounds per square inch (unit) psi
pounds per square inch absolute (unit) psia
pounds per square inch gage (unit) psig
#powdered powd.
#precipitate ppt.
#precipitated pptd.
#precipitating pptg.
#precipitation pptn.
preparation prepn.
prepare prep.
prepared prepd.
preparing prepg.
#production prodn.
propyl (normal) Pr
#purification purifn.
Qualitative(ly) qual.
#quantitative(ly) quant.
quart (unit) qt
random phase approximation RPA
#reduction redn.
reference ref.
reflection high energy electron diffraction RHEED
reproduction reprodn.
resolution resoln.
#respective(ly) resp.
respiratory quotient RQ
restricted Hartree-Fock RHF
revolutions per minute (unit) rpm
ribonuclease RNase
ribonucleic acid RNA
ribosomal RNA rRNA
roentgen (unit) R
roentgen equivalent man (unit) rem
roentgen equivalent physical (unit) rep
saponification sapon.
saponified sapond.
saponifying sapong.
saturate sat.
#saturated satd.
saturated calomel electrode SCE
saturating satg.
#saturation satn.
scanning electron microscopy SEM
second (unit) s
self-consistent field SCF
separate(ly) sep.
separated sepd.
separating sepg.
separation sepn.
siemens (unit) S
Slater-type orbital STO
#solubility* soly.
#soluble sol.
#solution soln.
standard std.
steradian (unit) sr
stokes (unit) St
subcutaneous(ly) s.c.
#symmetric(al)(ly) sym.
tablespoon (unit) tbs
teaspoon (unit) tsp
#technical(ly) tech.
temperature temp.
tesla (unit) T
tetrahydrofuran THF
theoretical(ly) theor.
thermodynamic(s) thermodn.
thyroid-stimulating hormone TSH
titration titrn.
triethylaminoethyl cellulose TEAE-cellulose
ultraviolet UV
United States Pharmacopeia USP
unrestricted Hartree-Fock UHF
uridine 5'-diphosphate UDP
uridine 5'-monophosphate UMP
uridine 5'-triphosphate UTP
UV photoelectron spectroscopy UPS
vol. specific volume sp.
volt (unit) V
volume vol.
watt (unit) W
weber (unit) Wb
week (unit) wk
weight wt.
wt. specific weight sp.
x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS
yard (unit) yd
year (unit) yr
zero differential overlap ZDO

* 复数形式不能通过添加“s”自动缩写的术语。

# 若带有前缀,这些词通常会进行缩写。示例请参阅列表 A 之前的“常用前缀术语缩写”列表。

** 关于计算机可读文件中的表示形式,请参阅“计算机可读文件中的字符和符号列表”。

列表 B

A ampere (unit)
abs. absolute
abstr. abstract
a.c. alternating current
ACTH adrenocorticotropin
addn. addition
addnl. additional(ly)
ADP adenosine 5'-diphosphate
alc. alcohol(ic)
aliph. aliphatic
alk. alkaline
alky. alkalinity
AMP adenosine 5'-monophosphate
amt. amount
amu atomic mass unit
anal. analysis, analytical(ly)
ang. angstrom (unit)
anhyd. anhydrous
AO atomic orbital
app. apparatus
approx. approximate(ly)
approxn. approximation
APW augmented plane wave
aq. aqueous
arom. aromatic
assoc. associate
assocd. associated
assocg. associating
assocn. association
asym. asymmetric(al)(ly)
at. atomic
atm atmosphere (unit)
atm. atmospheric
ATP adenosine 5'-triphosphate
ATPase adenosine triphosphatase
av. average
AVE all valence electron
bbl barrel (unit)
bcc. body centered cubic
BCS bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer
BOD biochemical oxygen demand
b.p. boiling point
Bq becquerel (unit)
Btu British thermal unit
Bu butyl (normal)
bu bushel (unit)
mB Bohr magneton (unit)
C coulomb (unit)
C degree Celsius (centigrade) (unit)
cal calorie (unit)
calc. calculate
calcd. calculated
calcg. calculating
calcn. calculation
cAMP cyclic AMP
c.d. current density
CD circular dichroism
CDP cytidine 5'-diphosphate
CEPA coupled electron pair approximation
cfm cubic feet per minute (unit)
cGMP cyclic GMP
chem. chemical(ly), chemistry
CI configuration interaction
Ci curie (unit)
clin. clinical(ly)
CM-cellulose carboxymethyl cellulose
CMP cytidine 5'-monophosphate
CNDO complete neglect of differential overlap
CoA coenzyme A
COD chemical oxygen demand
coeff. coefficient
com. commercial(ly)
compd. compound
compn. composition
ConA concanavalin A
conc. concentrate
concd. concentrated
concg. concentrating
concn. concentration
cond. conductivity
const. constant
contg. containing
cor. corrected
CP chemically pure
CPA coherent potential approximation
crit. critical
cryst. crystalline
crystd crystallised
crystg crystallising
crystn crystallisation
crystd. crystallized
crystg. crystallizing
crystn. crystallization
CTP cytidine 5'-triphosphate
cwt hundred weight (unit)
D debye unit
d. density
d.c. direct current
DEAE-cellulose diethylaminoethyl cellulose
decomp. decompose
decompd. decomposed
decompg. decomposing
decompn. decomposition
degrdn. degradation
deriv. derivative
det. determine
detd. determined
detg. determining
detn. determination
diam. diameter
dil. dilute
dild. diluted
dilg. diluting
diln. dilution
DIM diatomics-in-molecules
dissoc. dissociate
dissocd. dissociated
dissocg. dissociating
dissocn. dissociation
distd. distilled
distg. distilling
distn. distillation
DMF dimethylformamide
DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DNase deoxyribonuclease
d.p. degree of polymerization
dpm disintegrations per minute (unit)
DTA differential thermal analysis
ECG electrocardiogram
ED effective dose
EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
EEG electroencephalogram
EHMO extended Hueckel molecular orbital
elec. electric(al)(ly)
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
emf. electromotive force
emu electromagnetic unit
equil. equilibrium
equiv equivalent (unit)
equiv. equivalent
esp. especially
ESR electron spin resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance
est. estimate
estd. estimated
estg. estimating
estn. estimation
esu electrostatic unit
Et ethyl
eV electron volt (unit)
evap. evaporate
evapd. evaporated
evapg. evaporating
evapn. evaporation
examd. examined
examg. examining
examn. examination
expt. experiment
exptl. experimental(ly)
ext. extract
extd. extracted
extg. extracting
extn. extraction
F farad
F degree Fahrenheit (unit)
FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide
fcc. face centered cubic
fermn. fermentation
FMN flavin mononucleotide
f.p. freezing point
FSGO floating spherical Gaussian orbital
FSH follicle-stimulating hormone
ft foot (unit)
ft-lb foot-pound (unit)
g gram (unit)
g gravitational constant
G gauss (unit)
gal gallon (unit)
GDP guanosine 5'-diphosphate
GeV billion electron volts (unit)
GMP guanosine 5'-monophosphate
GTO Gaussian-type orbital
GTP guanosine 5'-triphosphate
Gy gray (absorbed radiation dose) (unit)
h hour (unit)
H henry (unit)
ha hectare (unit)
HAM hydrogenic atoms in molecules
Hb hemoglobin
hcp hexagonal close-packed
HMO Hueckel molecular orbital
HOMO highest occupied molecular orbital
Hz hertz (cycles/sec) (unit)
ICSH interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
ID inhibitory dose
IDP inosine 5'-diphosphate
IEHMO iterative extended Hueckel molecular orbital
IEPA independent electron pair approximation
Ig immunoglobulin
i.m. intramuscular(ly)
IMP inosine 5'-monophosphate
in. inch (unit)
INDO intermediate neglect of differential overlap
i.p. intraperitoneal(ly)
IR infrared
irradn. irradiation
ITP inosine 5'-triphosphate
IU international unit
i.v. intravenous(ly)
J joule (unit)
K kelvin (unit)
L liter (unit)
lab. laboratory
lb pound (unit)
LCAO linear combination of atomic orbitals
LCFC linear combination of fragment configuration
LD lethal dose
LEED low energy electron diffraction
LH luteinizing hormone
liq. liquid
lm lumen (unit)
LUMO lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
lx lux (unit)
m meter (unit)
m olal (unit)
M molar (unit)
m. melts at, melting at
manuf. manufacture
manufd. manufactured
manufg. manufacturing
math. mathematical(ly)
max. maximum
MC-SCF multiconfigurational self-consistent field
Me methyl (not metal)
mech. mechanical(ly) (not mechanism)
metab. metabolism
MHD magnetohydrodynamics
mi mile (unit)
MIM molecules-in-molecules
min minute (unit)
min. minimum(s)
misc. miscellaneous
mixt. mixture
MNDO modified neglect of diatomic overlap
mo month (unit)
MO molecular orbital
mol mole (unit)
mol. molecule, molecular
m.p. melting point
mph miles per hour (unit)
mRNA messenger RNA
MSH melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Mx maxwell (unit)
NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NDDO neglect of diatomic differential overlap
neg. negative(ly)
NMN nicotinamide mononucleotide
NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
NNDO neglect of nonbonded differential overlap
no. number
NQR nuclear quadruple resonance
obsd. observed
Oe oersted (unit)
O ohm (unit)
ORD optical rotatory dispersion
org. organic
oxidn. oxidation
oz ounce
P poise (unit)
Pa pascal (unit)
p.d. potential difference
Ph phenyl
phys. physical(ly)
PMO perturbational molecular orbital
PNDO partial neglect of differential overlap
polymd polymerised
polymg polymerising
polymn polymerisation
polymd. polymerized
polymg. polymerizing
polymn. polymerization
pos. positive(ly)
powd. powdered
ppb parts per billion (unit)
ppm parts per million (unit)
PPP Pariser-Parr-Pople
ppt. precipitate
pptd. precipitated
pptg. precipitating
pptn. precipitation
Pr propyl (normal)
prep. prepare
prepd. prepared
prepg. preparing
prepn. preparation
prodn. production
psi pounds per square inch (unit)
psia pounds per square inch absolute (unit)
psig pounds per square inch gage (unit)
pt pint (unit)
purifn. purification
qt quart (unit)
qual. Qualitative(ly)
quant. quantitative(ly)
R roentgen (unit)
redn. reduction
ref. reference
rem roentgen equivalent man (unit)
rep roentgen equivalent physical (unit)
reprodn. reproduction
resoln. resolution
resp. respective(ly)
RHEED reflection high energy electron diffraction
RHF restricted Hartree-Fock
RNA ribonucleic acid
RNase ribonuclease
RPA random phase approximation
rRNA ribosomal RNA
rpm revolutions per minute (unit)
RQ respiratory quotient
s second (unit)
S siemens (unit)
sapon. saponification
sapond. saponified
sapong. saponifying
sat. saturate
satd. saturated
satg. saturating
satn. saturation
s.c. subcutaneous(ly)
SCE saturated calomel electrode
SCF self-consistent field
SEM scanning electron microscopy
sep. separate(ly)
sepd. separated
sepg. separating
sepn. separation
sol. soluble
soln. solution
soly. solubility
sp. gr. specific gravity
sp. vol. specific volume
sp. wt. specific weight
sr steradian (unit)
St stokes (unit)
std. standard
STO Slater-type orbital
sym. symmetric(al)(ly)
T tesla (unit)
tbs tablespoon (unit)
TEAE-cellulose triethylaminoethyl cellulose
tech. technical(ly)
temp. temperature
theor. theoretical(ly)
thermodn. thermodynamic(s)
THF tetrahydrofuran
titrn. titration
TSH thyroid-stimulating hormone
tsp teaspoon (unit)
UDP uridine 5'-diphosphate
UHF unrestricted Hartree-Fock
UMP uridine 5'-monophosphate
UPS UV photoelectron spectroscopy
USP United States Pharmacopeia
UTP uridine 5'-triphosphate
UV ultraviolet
V volt (unit)
vol. volume
W watt (unit)
Wb weber (unit)
wk week (unit)
wt. weight
XPS x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
yd yard (unit)
yr year (unit)
ZDO zero differential overlap

计算机可读文件中的字符与符号

在计算机可读文件中,所有罗马字母和数字的表示方式与 CAS 出版物相同。但不再区分斜体、粗体或小型大写字母。此外,上标和下标均显示在同一行上。

计算机可读文件中使用特殊规范来表示某些字符和符号。这些规范如下表所示。其中部分字符和符号可在计算机可读文件中进行搜索。搜索时,请使用不带句点的表示形式。

计算机可读文件中希腊字母的表示规范

符号CAS 表示描述
A.ALPHA.Alpha
B.BETA.Beta
Γ.GAMMA.Gamma
Δ.DELTA.Delta
E.EPSILON.Epsilon
Z.ZETA.Zeta
H.ETA.Eta
Θ.西塔.西塔
I.约塔.约塔
K.卡帕.卡帕
Λ.兰姆达.兰姆达
M.缪.缪
N.纽.纽
Ξ.克西.克西
Ο.奥密克戎.奥密克戎
Π.PI.Pi
P.RHO.Rho
Σ.SIGMA.Sigma
T.TAU.Tau
Y.UPSILON.Upsilon
Φ.PHI.Phi
X.CHI.Chi
Ψ.PSI.Psi
Ω.OMEGA.Omega
α.alpha.Alpha
β.beta.Beta
γ.gamma.Gamma
δ.delta.Delta
∂.vdelta.Delta(变体)
ε.epsilon.Epsilon
ϵ.vepsiln.Epsilon(变体)
ζ.zeta.Zeta
η.eta.Eta
θ.theta.西塔
ϑ.vtheta.Theta(变体)
ι.iota.约塔
κ.kappa.卡帕
𝛞.vkappa.Kappa(变体)
λ.lambda.兰姆达
μ.mu.缪
ν.nu.纽
ξ.xi.克西
ο.omicron.奥密克戎
π.pi.Pi
ϖ.vpi.Pi(变体)
ρ.rho.Rho
σ.sigma.Sigma
ς.vsigma.Sigma(变体)
τ.tau.Tau
υ.upsilon.Upsilon
ϕ.phi.Phi
φ.vphi.Phi(变体)
χ.chi.Chi
ψ.psi.Psi
ω.omega.Omega

计算机可读文件中符号的表示规范

符号CAS 表示描述
Ð.angle.角
Å.ANG.埃单位
≜.apprch.趋近于
≈.apprxeq.约等于
~.apprx.近似(相似)
§.bdintg.有界积分
□.box.方框
•.bul.项目符号(12磅中心点)
¢.cents.分
×.cntdot.中心点
Ì.cntnd.包含于
É.cntns.包含
©.copyrgt.版权所有
Ä.crosprd.叉乘
†.dag.剑号
--短横线/减号
°.degree.度
Ñ.del.哈密顿算子 (Nabla)
¸.div.除法
⇻.dnreslt.不导致
⇆.dblarw.双箭头
‡.dbldag.双剑号
⇋.dblharw.双半箭头
‡.++.双加号
‖.dblvert.双竖线
¯.dwnarw.向下箭头
→.fwdarw.前向箭头
↷.fwdcarw.前向弯曲箭头
≥.gtoreq.大于或等于
≳.gtorsim.大于或近似
≡.ident.恒等
∞.infin.无穷大
∫.intg.积分
Ç.intrsec.交集
◜.ltbbrac.左断括号
£.ltoreq.小于或等于
≲.ltorsim.小于或近似于
.lbdabar.约化波长
Î.member.属于
∓.-+.减加号
≫.mchgt.远大于
≪.mchlt.远小于
Ï.notmbr.不属于
≠.noteq.不等于
⊙.sun.太阳符号
⠁.ovrhdot.顶圆点
⁼.ovrhdbr.双顶线
‰.permill.千分号
^.perp.垂直
h.plcnst.普朗克常数
±.+-.正负号
£.pnd.英镑
¢‘撇号
™.product.产品
®.RTM.注册商标
←.rarw.反向箭头
↶.rcarw.反向弯曲箭头
←.rscharw.反向表面化学箭头
◝.rtbbrac.右断括号
A.SCRIPTA.手写体 A
ℬ.SCRIPTB.手写体 B
C.SCRIPTC.手写体 C
D.SCRIPTD.脚本 D
E.脚本E.脚本 E
ℱ.脚本F.脚本 F
G.脚本G.脚本 G
ℌ.脚本H.脚本 H
ℒ.脚本L.脚本 L
P.脚本P.脚本 P
ℜ.脚本R.脚本 R
S.脚本.手写体 S
≃.simeq.相似或等于
√.sqroot.平方根
∑.sum.求和
→.scharw.表面化学箭头
Å.sym.对称性
«.tautm.互变异构体
⧧.thermod.热力学
´.times.乘号
⁝.tplbond.三键
È.union.并集
↑.uparw.向上箭头
µ.varies.变化
®.vector.向量
¯.hivin.上划线(高位)
_.lovin.下划线(低位)
¥.yen.日元